Parallel import remedies: Russia
and Kazakhstan
The issue of 'parallel import', i.e. importation and(or) sale in any country of original trademarked goods, which were not put by the exclusive right holder into civil circulation in this country, and remedies applicable by the rightholders, directly relates to the key aspects of regulation of trademark rights such as
Natural monopolies
regulation in Kazakhstan
Importance of so-called natural monopolies in Kazakhstan can be seen in the fact that some of Kazakhstan's largest and most powerful corporate empires, such as the Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company (KEGOC) (national transmission grid operator), KazTransOil (national oil transporter in Kazakhstan accounting to 80% of all oil transported in the country) and National Company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (the national railway company of Kazakhstan) are officially subject to natural monopoly regulation.
Contracting for Debt
Restructuring: Main Issues
and Solutions
Presentation of GRATA International Partner, Shaimerden Chikanayev