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Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) are the rules that determine the distribution of responsibilities and costs between the parties during the transportation and delivery of goods within the purchase and sale relationship, regulated by ICC (International Chamber of Commerce).

With the Law published in the Official Gazette dated 19 December 2018 and numbered 30630, mediation was brought as a condition to file a lawsuit for commercial receivables. Within this scope, some provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code (“TCC”) and the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes (“HUAK”) have been amended.

According to the Industrial Property Law, which entered into force on 10 January 2017, an enterprise of goods or services ensure distinguishing from or service goods other undertakings and brand owners to ensure protection of the subject it is turned on and including the names of persons, provided that shown on the register can provide an understanding of the exact words, shapes, colors, letters, numbers, to format the audio and goods or the packaging brand can be any kind of sign. A mark which is open to the public for the use of the mark is left to the person who registers him / her by registering. In this respect, an absolute right that can be put forward against everyone with a trademark right and compulsory by everyone is provided.

In Civil Law and Common Law System, the fundamental of the compensation are separated from each other. In Civil Law System, the punishment of person or persons who cause harm and the prevention of similar behaviour are the adopted remark in determining the compensation of competition law. Meanwhile in Common Law, the logic of compensation for damage, adopted comment in the determination of compensation.

Recognition and enforcement, which is one of the legal terms, is regulated in International Private and Civil Procedure Law. The point of this regulation is how the decision given by the Foreign Court will be valid in the Turkish Courts. In other words, foreign court’s claims feature has importance on the nature of the decision, its recognition, or its enforcement. Therefore, the terms of recognition and enforcement need to be clarified;

In generally, the relationship between a landlord and a tenant is governed by a contract. That contract is referred to as the lease. A lease is an agreement between the landlord and the tenant in which the landlord agrees to allow the tenant to occupy a building or a piece of property owned by the landlord generally in return for the payment of periodic rent. Any issues relating to landlord/tenant law must initially be looked at in terms of what the lease calls for as to the respective rights and obligations of two parties.

The sale and transfer transactions which are made without notaries will become invalid.

The sale, transfer and all registry processes, which is or will be registered by the notary, will be registered into the Record and Registry System of Vehicles (ARTES) within the Union of Turkish Public Notaries.

The Decree No. 244 dated 31 May 2017 of the President of Russian Federation abrogated the following economic measures against Turkey